France

Moderate Maritime

Bordeaux: black cherry, liquorice, earthy, green bell pepper, chocolate, vanilla from new French oak
Right Bank softer in style than Left Bank

Italy

Moderate Mediterranean

Tuscany, Bolgheri: dark and ruby red, sweetness of fruit on palate, layers of velvety tannins, fresh acidity, long, lingering finish, powerful structure, ripe berry, spicy oak

New Zealand

Warm Maritime

Hawke’s Bay: Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Syrah

Australia

Moderate Mediterranean
Warm Mediterranean

Coonawarra: fairly Ｈ alcohol, structured and fine-grained tannins, cassis, mint, eucalyptus, black ripe fruit, oak notes
Margaret River: compared to Coonawarra, more like Left Bank Bordeaux and more likely to be blended with Merlot and Cabernet Franc, firmer tannins, fruit less stewed, fresh green pepper, French oak more often

USA

Warm Mediterranean

Napa: highly concentrated, Ｆ body, significant French or American oak
Merlot can contribute plum and milk chocolate notes, Cabernet Franc flint and herbal notes, and Petit Verdot floral notes

Chile

Warm Mediterranean

deep purple, fresh cassis, a signature smoky & herbaceous note (green bell pepper, passionfruit, blackcurrant leave), muddy
Top examples aged in French oak, adding notes of cedar, vanilla, and toast
warm climate leads to soft mouthfeel but lacks depth

Argentina

Warm Continental

blended with Malbec, best from Mendoza
1) aged in oak for a long time: meaty, leathery
2) fruity

South Africa

Climate

earthy, smoky, more herbal, French oak common
Less intense fruity compared to Australia and USA
Stellenbosch: close to Bordeaux style with plastic, roast coffee, 燒輪胎