France

Moderate Continental


Warm Mediterranean

Northern Rhône: 顏色比較淡且不穩定，年輕比較少紫
violet, smoky, bacon, blackcurrant, clove, plum, leather, coffee
St. Joseph: oaky, more international style, red & black fruit
Crozes-Hermitage: more floral
Languedoc-Roussillon: GSM+Carignan
Carignan gives rough tannins and H acidity & bitterness
carbonic maceration often

New Zealand

Warm Maritime

Hawke’s Bay: Northern Rhône style with more violet
lower production and quality in maritime climate

Australia

Warm Mediterranean

以橡木桶熟成，增添了木質，香草以及特別的皮革香氣
Barossa: dark in color, jammy, stewed fruit, sweet spice, eucalyptus, 明顯殘糖感
McLaren: dark chocolate, spice, more savoury than sweet

South Africa

Warm Mediterranean

Western Cape: a sweetness of fruit reminiscent of Barossa Shiraz Compared to Australian, often smokier, with savoury notes of game, leather, tar
Like Northern Rhône with higher alcohol and lower acidity
Often blended with CS or Pinotage
GSM are increasingly common, as are cool climate expressions from Walker Bay